Towards Environmental Sustainability in China: Role of Globalization and Hydroelectricity Consumption

Countries encounter conflicting policy options in reaching fast development goals due to high resource use, rapid economic expansion, and environmental degradation. Thus, the present research examined connection between CO2 emissions urbanization, globalization, hydroelectricity, expansion China utilizing data spanning period 1985 2018. The novel quantile-on-quantile (QQ) quantile regression (QR) approaches were applied assess this interconnection. QQ approach is characterized by its ability incorporate fundamentals non-parametric estimation research. As a result, method appears transform of one parameter into another. outcomes revealed that all quantiles (0.1–0.95), gross domestic product (GDP), globalization trigger China, while each (0.1–0.985), hydroelectricity consumption mitigates emissions. QR also affirmed estimates. Policies are suggested based on these findings.